The Miraculous Fever-Tree Page 32

  Académie Royale des Sciences, France 111–13, 117, 127, 130

  Acosta, José de 73

  Adrian VI, Pope 36

  Africa 1–24, 190, 296, 303

  AIDS in 21, 22, 304

  Central Africa 212, 303–12

  death and disease in 17–18, 23, 304

  imperialism 166–7

  malaria in 5, 9–12, 17–18, 22–3, 58, 155–60, 251, 303, 312–13

  North Africa 251–2

  West Africa 155–67

  African Steamship Company 166

  ague 57, 58, 59, 61, 84, 139, 146, 170–3

  AIDS 21, 22, 304, 310, 312

  Albinar, María Josepha de 85

  Aldobrando, Teseao 51

  Alexander VI, Pope 36

  Algeria 251–2

  Altamirano, Forester 295

  Amat, Manuel de 80–1

  Amazon basin 208, 210, 220, 221, 242

  Ambato, Ecuador 223, 224

  American Civil War 6, 174–9, 186, 198

  American Pharmaceutical Association 292–3

  American Revolutionary War 172

  American War Production Board 292

  Ancón, Panama 197, 202

  Anda, Father Domenico 52–3, 184

  Andean Indians 52, 58–9, 60, 77, 85, 122

  Andes xviii, 58, 110, 122, 128, 206, 218–19, 224, 230, 241

  Angelis, Pietro de 53

  Antwerp, Belgium 144

  Arequipa, Peru 75, 76, 229, 230, 234

  Arlington, Lord 103

  Ascoli, Cardinal 44

  Avicenna 94

  Aylet, Elizabeth 100

  Azeglio, Massimo Taparelli, Marchese d’ 8

  Bado, Sebastiano 55–6, 60

  Baikie, Dr William Balfour 157–66, 211, 214

  An Exploring Voyage … 163

  treatise on quinine 163–5

  Baines, Henry: Flora of Yorkshire 209

  Balboa, Panama 191

  Baltimore, Maryland 278

  Bandini, Cardinal 45

  Bangalore, India 260, 262

  Barberini, Cardinal Maffeo 45, 46, 47

  Bardo, Girolamo 60

  Barter, Charles 211

  Barton, Dr 182

  Bastianelli, Giovanni 268

  Bataan 289–90, 295, 296

  Beecroft, John 161

  Belgium 96, 305

  Benin, Bight of 155, 156, 158, 161

  Bennet, Gaston 2, 4

  Bentham, George 209–10, 220, 223

  Bentivoglio, Cardinal Guido 89

  Bentley, Robert 246

  Bermeo (Indian guide) 223

  Bicknell, George F. 185

  Bignami, Amico 268

  blackwater fever 18

  Board of Control 212, 213, 214

  Boehringer-Mannheim 306, 307, 308, 309, 312

  Bogotá, Colombia 130, 131, 133, 134, 135, 137–8

  Bogue, USS 289

  Bolívar, Simón 137, 138

  Bolivia 111, 219, 231, 239, 241, 243, 248

  Bombay Civil Hospital 259

  Bône, Algeria 251, 252

  Borghese, Cardinal Scipione 44, 45–7

  Borgia family 36

  Botanical Expedition of the New Kingdom of Granada 134–5

  Botanical Institute of New Granada 135–8

  Botanical Society of London 211, 246

  Bracamonte, Father Diego de 64

  Bracciano, Bartolomeo da 36

  Brady, Robert 102

  Bragg, Junius N. 177

  Bravo de Sobremonte, Gaspar 61

  Brazil 210

  Britain 159, 212, 247

  see also England

  British Army 144, 145, 148, 139–56, 159, 162, 283–4

  Army Medical Corps 152

  Medical Department 152, 155

  Statistical Reports on Sickness …154–5, 156

  British Association for the Advancement of Science 269–70

  British cinchona initiative 211, 213–14, 219, 245

  British Empire 155, 166, 205, 211, 301

  British Medical Association 271, 276–8

  British Medical Journal 266

  Buen Consejo 125

  Bukavu, Congo 303–5, 306, 309–12

  Bunau-Varilla, Giselle 1–5, 9–11, 200

  Bunau-Varilla, Philippe 5, 168, 188–97, 199–200, 251

  Burma 287

  Burroughs, Edgar Rice 158

  Byrd, William 171

  Cadiz, Spain 83, 84, 86, 120, 129

  Calancha, Antonio de la 58–9

  Caldas, Francisco Jose de 137–8

  Caldera de la Heredia, Gaspar 60

  Callao, Peru 62, 82, 84, 218, 237

  Calvo, Juan: Cirugía Universal y Particular del Cuerpo Humano 72

  Campori, Cardinal 41, 43

  Canning, George 140

  Caravaya province, Peru 234, 238, 241

  Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia 114

  cascarilla, see cinchona bark

  Cascarilla roja xviii

  Cassini, Jean Dominique 112

  Castellesi da Corneto, Cardinal Adriano 36

  Castello Caetani 36

  Castillo, Juan del: Pharmacopoea Universa Medicamenta …71

  Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Viscount 140, 142, 151

  Castro, Lope Garcia de 64

  Caventou, Joseph 182, 297, 306

  Celli, Angelo 254

  Central Africa Company 212

  Chagres River 191, 192–3

  Charles I, King of England 96

  Charles II, King of England 98, 102–3, 105–7, 108

  Charles III, King of Spain 80, 82, 118–20, 126, 131–3, 210

  Charles IV, King of Spain 126

  Chekhov, Anton 6

  Chelsea Physic Garden 108–9, 110, 245

  Chiflet, Jean-Jacques: Exposure of the Febrifuge Powder from the American World 91–3, 255

  Chile 78, 126

  China 49, 51

  Chinchón, Countess of 55–7, 59, 117, 181, 215, 281

  Cinchona xvii–xviii, 130, 215

  African 5, 22, 303, 305–7, 309–11

  C. bogotensis 133

  C. calisaya xvii, xviii, 96, 214, 219, 231, 236, 240–5, 247–9

  C. ledgeriana 249, 293, 295–6, 303, 305

  C. officinalis 128

  C. ovata 213, 219

  C. purpurea 124, 128

  C. succirubra 206, 247–8

  cloning 313–14

  collecting of 110–11, 132, 133, 138, 206–7, 212–13, 219–34, 236, 240, 243–4

  cultivation 109–11, 212, 214, 245, 247

  destruction of 117, 124, 214, 223–4, 229, 239, 283, 307

  plantations 223, 235, 236, 246–8, 262, 282, 288, 293, 294, 296, 303, 305–7, 309–11

  South American 58, 77, 117–18, 123–4, 132–3, 219, 224–5

  species and varieties 117, 128–9, 136, 219, 239

  treatises on 117, 127, 136

  cinchona bark xvii, 214, 295, 302

  advertisements for 99, 104–5

  African 311

  commerce in 124, 139, 237, 239, 247–8

  discovery of xviii, 62, 281

  in Europe 52, 60, 62, 67, 78, 82–3, 86–7, 90–3, 96, 98–105, 107, 143, 152–4

  extract 124–5, 178

  literary accounts of 56, 181

  method of use 90–1, 108

  from Peru 57–61, 76–80, 82, 86, 90, 122, 225

  theological disputes over 92–5, 283

  in United States 172, 178–83

  Clapperton, Hugh 160

  Clayton, Revd John 171

  Cobó, Bernabé: Historia del Nuevo Mundo 59, 77

  Collegio Romano 49, 90

  Collingwood, HMS 216, 217

  Colombia 129, 199, 220, 229

  Colón, Panama 188; 189, 193–4, 197, 204

  Commercio de Lima 229

  Compagnie Universelle du Canal Interocéanique 6, 188, 192–3, 197–8

  Concepción, Chile 12

  Conde 84–6, 114, 119, 219

  Congo 2, 9, 2
2, 303–12

  Continental Congress 172

  Conway, H.S. 35

  Conygius, Antimus, see Fabri, Honoratus

  Cook, Captain James 118, 142, 162, 210, 216

  Corticus peruvianus 52

  Costa Rica 296

  Council of the Indies 113

  Craik, Dr 172

  Crimean War 176

  Cromwell, Oliver 96, 98–9

  Cross, Robert 226–7, 228

  Cuba 201

  Cuchero, Peru 123–4

  Cuzco, Peru 73, 213, 218, 230

  Daniel, Professor 165

  Daquin, Antoine 103

  Darwin, Charles 208

  Davila, Pedro Francisco 119, 131

  DDT 292, 301

  Defoe, Daniel 96–7

  de la Vega de Armijo, Marques 129–30, 131, 132

  de la Warr, Thomas West, Baron 171

  Dent (Cambridge apothecary) 100

  Diaz, Antonio 223

  Dingler, Jules 188, 190, 195–6

  Dingler family 189, 195–6

  Dombey, Joseph 121, 125, 127, 134

  Dowling, Revd Cornelius 16–17

  drugs, anti-malarial 21–3, 292, 296–301, 312–13

  Atabrine 298

  chloroquine 13, 21, 299–302, 306

  cost of 312–13

  Nivaquine 13, 15, 312

  patent medicines 179, 183–6

  prophylactic 22, 23, 298, 300, 306

  resistance to 301–2, 312

  Sontochin 298–9

  East India Company 214, 219

  Ecuador 111, 208, 212–13, 219, 220, 223, 229, 296

  Ecuador Land Company 213

  Ellesmere, Lord 216

  Emry, Etienne 309

  Egelhorn, Curt 309

  Engelhorn, Friedrich 306

  England 36, 95–107, 170

  English Remedy, The 104

  Esmeraldas, Rio 115–16

  España, Gabriel de 61

  Essex 96–7, 100

  Europe 43, 85, 109

  cinchona use 52, 60, 62, 67, 78, 82–3, 86–7, 90–3, 96, 98–105, 107, 283

  disease in 31, 57, 142

  malaria in 24, 139, 141, 142, 146–54, 174

  medicine in 33, 94–5

  Evelyn, Sir John 95, 97, 98, 102, 108–10, 245

  Faber, Johannes 50

  Fabri, Honoratus 90

  Pulvis Peruvianus Vindicatus …92–3, 94

  Fanucci, Camillo 51

  Fathers of the Oratory of St Philip Neri, see Oratorians

  Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor 92

  Ferdinand IV, King of Spain 131

  Fernando Po 156, 161

  filariasis 255, 257, 259, 262

  Finlay, Carlos 201, 203

  Fischer, Arthur 293, 294–6

  Fithian, Philip V. 171–2

  Flora Peruviana et Chilensis 121, 126–7

  Flores, Gen. Juan José 224

  Floridablanca, Count 127

  Flushing, Holland 144

  Fonseca, Gabriele 90

  Forerunner 158, 159, 161

  France 43, 45, 103, 159, 166, 188, 212

  Napoleonic wars 139–41, 145

  navy 140

  and Panama Canal 187, 189, 198, 200

  Francis Xavier, St 49

  Frederick I (Barbarossa), Holy Roman Emperor 30

  Freetown, Sierra Leone 155

  Galamina, Cardinal 41

  Galen 72, 94–5

  Galileo Galilei 28, 49

  Gambia 156, 159

  Gambia River 156, 158

  Garzan, Pheliziana Barbara 85–6, 96, 114, 186, 219

  Gebbers, Dirk 313, 314

  Gebbers, Horst 309, 312

  Genlis, Countess of: Zuma 56

  George III, King of England 210–11

  George IV, King of England 211

  Germany 43, 159, 166, 285, 287–8, 296, 297

  Gigli, Giacinto 25–9, 31–4, 36–7, 40, 42, 46

  Vita (diary) 27–9, 36, 39, 47

  Gigli, Maria Cecilia Hortenzia 32, 54

  Ginnasio, Cardinal 43

  Gissing, George: By the Ionian Sea 7

  Goethals, Col. George W. 200

  Gold Coast 156

  Gongora, Antonio Caballero y 134

  Gorgas, William Crawford 195, 200–5

  Grant de Rufimurcus, Juan 85

  Grassi, Giovanni Battista 254, 268, 269, 278–80

  Gregorian University, Rome 87

  Gregory XV, Pope 36–9, 41, 44, 88

  Guadalcanal 287, 290–1, 292, 298

  Guayaquil, Peru 84, 85, 114, 119, 219, 227, 228

  Guinea 170

  Haggard, H. Rider: King Solomon’s Mines 3, 4–5

  Halleck, Gen. Henry 177

  Halteridium parasite 268–70

  Hanbury, Daniel 220, 246

  Harris, John 143–6, 148–9, 151, 153–4

  Harvey, William 93

  Hasskarl, Justus Karl 212, 213, 231, 246

  Havana, Cuba 199, 201, 203

  Hay, John 200

  Hidalgo de Agüero, Bartolomé: Thesoro de la Verdadera Cirugia …72

  Hippocrates 72, 94, 101

  Holland 139–42, 144, 212, 246, 247, 286, 288

  Hooker, Joseph 211, 245

  Hooker, Sir William 209–10, 211, 245

  ‘Horn, W.O. von’: Hualma, the Peruvian 56

  Howard, J.E. 246

  Huánuco, Peru 122–3, 124, 125, 134, 220, 240

  Humboldt, Alexander, Baron von 221

  Huntingdon 98

  Hutu people 304, 308

  Huygens, Christian 112

  Hythe, Kent 153

  IG Farben 297–8, 299

  Ignatius Loyola, St 49, 66, 70, 85

  Illustrated London News 158

  Incas 57–8, 63, 73–4, 85, 217

  India 212, 213, 219, 234–5, 243, 247, 259–62, 283

  malaria in 214, 259

  India Office 213, 214, 219–20, 221, 223

  Indian Medical Service 255

  Indonesia 286

  Innocent VIII, Pope 36

  Innocent X, Pope 89

  intermittent fever xvii, xviii, 17, 35, 61, 78, 100, 107, 139, 142–3, 161, 170–1, 173, 212

  International Botanical Congress 215

  Isthmian Commission 201–2, 204

  Italy 6–8, 150, 268, 278, 301

  see also Rome

  Jamestown, Gambia 156

  Jamestown, Virginia 171

  Japan 288–91, 296

  Java 212, 213, 236, 248, 282, 285, 288, 293, 294, 305

  Jesuit College, Rome 60

  Jesuits 37, 49, 51, 54, 59, 60–1, 65–6, 70, 87

  and discovery of cinchona 78–80, 83, 86, 93–4, 283

  election of Vicar-General 89–90

  expelled from Spanish Empire 80–2

  Jesuits’ Powder 94, 99, 101

  missions 49, 70, 72–3, 76–7

  in Peru 62–78, 218, 239

  see also San Pedro

  Juan y Santacilla, Captain Jorge 113

  Juliana, Queen of Netherlands 305

  Jussieu, Joseph de xviii, 114, 116, 117–18

  Kabila, Laurent 304

  Kenya 11, 17, 18, 21

  Kerbosch, Dr M. 282

  Kew Gardens 209, 210–11, 213, 226, 228, 234, 245, 283

  Kherwana, India 270

  Kinabureau 288

  King, Sir Edmund 106

  ‘Knight of Walcheren, The’ 148

  Koch, Robert 174–5

  Krieg, Margaret: Green Medicine 294

  la Condamine, Charles-Marie de 111, 113, 114–18, 127, 130

  Sur l’Arbre du Quinquina 117

  Lagos, Nigeria 166

  Laird, MacGregor 157, 159, 166

  Lancisi, Giovanni Battista 53

  Lander, John and Richard 160

  La Paz, Bolivia 231, 238

  Laveran, Charles-Louis-Alphonse 251–5, 261, 265, 269

  Lear, Edward 7

  le Carré, John 190

  Ledger, Charles 236–44, 246–7
, 248–9, 293, 305

  Ledger, George 244–8

  Leo X, Pope 29

  Leopold, Prince of Belgium 305

  Leopold William, Archduke of Austria 91–2, 93

  Lesseps, Charles de 195

  Lesseps, Ferdinand de 6, 187, 189, 191–2, 195, 198

  Lettow-Vorbeck, Gen. Paul von 5

  Libro de Viáticos y Almacén, El 69, 75, 78

  Liebig, Justus von 165

  Lima, Peru 55–6, 58, 60, 61, 68, 85, 121–2

  Jesuits in 63–4, 73, 80–1

  Markham in 217–18, 229

  street names 79

  see also San Pablo

  Limón, Peru 224–6

  Linge, Dr A.R. van 282

  Linnaeus (Carl von Linne) 117, 120, 130–1, 132, 133, 215

  Lister, Joseph 174, 270, 278

  Livingstone, David 12, 158, 163

  London 96, 97, 100, 101, 103, 105

  London Gazette 104

  Louis XIII, King of France 42, 44

  Louis XIV, King of France 89, 103, 104

  Louis XVI, King of France 118, 121

  Lower, Richard 102

  Loxa, Ecuador 55, 58, 59, 77, 116, 117, 123, 124, 128, 132

  Loyola, Martin Garcia Oras de 85

  Lucci, Virginia 26

  Luciano, Angelo 26

  Ludovisi, Cardinal Ludovico 38, 44–7, 88

  Lugano 35

  Lugo, Cardinal Juan de 51, 53, 78, 87–90, 94, 129

  De Justitia et Jure 87, 88

  Luque, Francisco 82

  MacArthur, Gen. Douglas 289, 295–6

  MacCallum, W.G. 268–70

  McGrigor, Sir James 139, 152–3, 154

  McIvor, William 235, 247, 262

  MacWilliam, James Ormiston 161–2, 165

  Macedonia 283–5, 287

  Macora, Peru 125

  Madrid 129, 131

  Botanical Garden 119, 120, 127, 210

  Botanical Institute 138

  Maillot, F.C. 252

  Maine 199

  malaria xviii, 16, 24, 128

  in Africa 5, 9–12, 17–18, 22–3, 155–60, 251, 303, 312–13

  in Britain 96–8, 100

  causes of 164–5, 200, 201, 204, 262–4

  in Central America 6, 187–8, 197, 204–5

  in colonies 250–1

  in Europe 24, 139–40, 141, 142, 146–54, 284–5

  in India 214, 259

  in Italy 6–8, 24, 32–7, 40, 46–8

  parasites 11, 12, 18, 22, 170, 174, 193, 205, 253–9, 264–76, 279–80, 299–301

  see also Plasmodium; source of name 34–5

  in South America 55–6, 58, 222–3

  study of 251–80

  symptoms of 11–12, 18, 150, 154, 252, 300

  transmission of xviii, 197, 258–68, 275–6, 279

  treatments 19, 33–4, 78, 83, 160–1, 178, 180–1, 197, 302

  in United States 16, 170–4, 176–9, 186, 278